Many robotic applications require a sensor to detect close or very close obstacles. Typically, reflective-type infrared sensors are used for this task. But the circuit in the figure shows an infrared ...

How transimpedance amplifiers are used in fiber-optic communications, laser rangefinders, and LiDAR systems. How avalanche photodiodes enhance TIA performance. Application-specific design and topology ...

An Infrared close object sensor installed on an industrial vehicle detects objects or pedestrians located in a hazardous area. When it detects a problem an audio/visual indicator makes an alert, that ...

This infrared detector circuit uses a passive IR-detector component PID20. It converts heat radiation into electrical impulses. The output voltage of the PID20 increases when an object comes close to ...

In analytical chemistry, it is often necessary to accurately monitor the concentration change of certain substances in liquids on a time scale of seconds. Especially in the pharmaceutical industry, ...