However, individuals using a hybrid closed-loop system had a higher rate of ketoacidosis (1.74 events per 100 patient-years) than those using open-loop therapy (0.96 per 100 patient-years). The rate ...

In 2012, Automation World published an article looking at the decision factors faced when choosing electric or pneumatic actuators. More than a decade later, manufacturing engineers and OEMs still ...

Bipolar stepper motors provide precise position control while operating in an open loop. Industrial automation applications—such as robots and processing and packaging machinery—and consumer ...

One of the bigger problems with any CNC machine or 3D printer is the issue of missed steps when moving the toolhead. If a stepper motor misses a step, the entire layer of the print – and every layer ...

An open-loop cooling system, also called raw water cooling, draws water directly from the body of water the boat is floating in, whether it's saltwater or freshwater. That water is pulled through a ...

People with type 1 diabetes require continuous insulin treatment and must regularly measure their glucose levels. With open-loop therapies*, insulin administration is manually controlled, while hybrid ...

Payments ecosystems are often categorized as either closed-loop or open-loop systems, each with distinct advantages and limitations. Closed-loop systems, such as single-provider mobile wallets like ...